unit 8 الصف الثانى الثانوى

act
army
canoeing
collection
continuously
except (for)
copy
admire
specific
military force
armed forces
force
arms
flood
lake
grandparents
guest
host
hostess
visitor
college
cart
government clerk
impressive
repair / fix / mend
free time \ spare time
ocasion
occasionally
physical work
mental work
activities
attractive
century
franc
several times
face
heavy debts
non-stop يمثل / يتصرف
جيش
التجديف بالقوارب
مجموعة
باستمرار
ما عدا
ينسخ / نسخة
يعجب بـ
محدد
قوة عسكرية
القوات مسلحة
قوة / يجبر
أسلحة
فيضان / يفيض
بحيرة
أجداد / جدود
ضيف / ضيفة
مضيف
مضيفة
زائر
كلية
عربه صغيره
موظف حكومى
مؤثر
يصلح
وقت الفراغ
مناسبة
أحيانا
عمل بدنى
عمل ذهنى
أنشطة
جذاب
قرن (مائة عام)
فرنك (فرنسى)
عدة مرات
يواجه (مشكلة)
ديون ثقيلة
بدون توقف ball (dance)
debts
identical
manual (work)
necklace
savings
valuable
admiration
decade
poetry
fireman
diamond
replacement
repay
ashamed
exhausted
character
twins
wedding
well-paid
trust
social status
assume
appearance
shape
garage
mechanic
pocket
documents
rectangular
briefcase
once a year
twice a year
including
missing
traditional
canoe
print حفلة رقص
ديون
متطابق
(عمل) يدوى
عقد / قلادة
مدخرات
قيم / ذو قيمة
اعجاب
عقد (عشر سنوات)
شعر
رجل اطفاء
الماس
بديل
يسدد (الدين مثلا)
خجلان
منهك / مرهق
شخصية
توأم
زفاف / قران
ذات أجر جيد
ثقة / يثق فى
مكانة اجتماعية
يفترض
مظهر
شكل / يشكل / يكون
جاراج
ميكانيكى
جيب / كيس
وثائق / مستندات
مستطيل الشكل
محفظة أوراق
مرة فى السنة
مرتان فى السنة
بما فى ذلك
مفقود
تقليدى
يجدف فى ذورق
يطبع / طباعة
• Prepositions, Idioms and Expressions:
good at
go canoeing
go camping
go fishing
an invitation to
pay the debts
borrow….. from
lend …… to
for + مدة زمنية
be made of
work as
pay back
attached / joined to
have a rest
have a holiday ماهر فى
يذهب للتجديف بزورق
يقيم فى معسكر
يذهب للصيد
دعوة لـ
يسدد الديون
يستلف / يستعير ...من
يعير / يسلف .... لـ
لمدة
مصنوع من
يعمل كـ
يرد / يعيد
موصل بـ
يسترح
يقوم بأجازة owe money to
fight against
fight for
download from
go on holiday
make money
share … with
perform in a play
play with a toy
a set of things
the way to success
mix with
earn money
join the army
go abroad يدين بالمال لـ
يحارب ضد
يحارب من أجل
يحمل من (الانترنت)
يذهب فى أجازة
يجنى مالا
يشترك فى شئ مع
يمثل فى مسرحية
يلعب بلعبة
مجموعة من الأشياء
الطريق الى النجاح
يختلط بـ
يكسب المال
يلتحق بالجيش
بسافر للخارج

• Derivatives:
Verb Noun Adjective
tradition تقليد traditional تقليدى
replace يستبدل replacement بديل replaceable يمكن استبداله
value يقدر / يقيم value قيمة valuable قيم
copy ينسخ copy نسخة
act يمثل act فصل (فى مسرحية) acting تمثيلى

• Important Vocabulary for translation and composition:
culture الثقافة
customs عادات
traditions تقاليد
a source of reliefمصدر ارتياح
profits أرباح
alternative sources مصادر بديلة
social problems مشكلات اجتماعية treatment معاملة / علاج
budget ميزانية
benefits فوائــد
Investments استثمارات
losses خسائـر
scientific progress تقدم علمي
hard currency عملة صعبة









 ashamed / shy:
ashamed: يشعر بالخجل من (خطأ / حماقة)
* I'm sorry! I feel quite ashamed of myself for forgetting to post your letter.
shy: خجول بطبيعته
* My children are very shy in front of strangers.
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 except (for) / expect / accept:
except (for): ماعدا / باستثناء
1- Everyone passed the exams except for Ali.
2- Everybody understands except me.
expect + to +مصدر : يتوقع
* We expect him to pass the exams.
expect + فاعل + will + مصدر : يتوقع
* We expect he will pass the exams.
accept + اسم : يقبل
* He accepted my invitation to dinner.
 ملاحظات علي استخدام except / except for :
1- نستخدم except فقط قبل حروف الجر وأدوات الربط:
1- It's the same everywhere except in Scotland.
2- He's good-looking except when he smiles.
2- يستخدم ضمير المفعول بعد except / except for :
1- Everybody understands except me.
2- We are all ready except for her.
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 couple / pair:
a couple of : two (زوج ( اثنان من نوع واحد
* I'll be with you in a couple of minutes.
couple: a husband and wife زوجان
* Mr and Mrs Tom are a nice old couple.
a pair of: زوج من (شئ واحد يتكون من جزأين غير منفصلين)
a pair of shoes/glasses/trousers/scissors/gloves/jeans
زوج من (الأحذية/نظارة/بنطلون/مقص/قفاز/بنطلون جينز)
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 indoor / indoors:
indoor (adj.): داخل المنزل أو مكان مغلق (صفة يليها اسم)
* Chess is an indoor game.
indoors (adv.): داخل المنزل أو مكان مغلق (ظرف مكان)
* He spent the whole day indoors.
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 refuse + to + مصدر : يرفض أن
* He refused to lend me his new camera.
 Would you + mind + v. + ing: هل تمانع
* Would you mind leaving the door open?
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 afford + اسم / to + مصدر: يقدر على
1- She is beautiful but she can't afford the kind of life she would like.
2- He can't afford to buy a new computer,
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 wear – put on - dress
wearيلبس / يكون مرتديا مفعول +
• تستخدم wearلوصف عادة أو مظهر الشخص:
1- He was wearing his best suit at the party.
2- Policemen usually wear a uniform.
3- We wear light clothes in summer.
put onيقوم بارتداء مفعول +
1- Put on your coat – it’s cold.
2- She put on her uniform and went to school.
3- Hurry up. Put on your shoes. We are late for school.
dress (بدون مفعول) = get dressed يلبس
* She always dresses fashionably.
•لاحظ انه في حالة وجود مفعول بعد dress يختلف المعني:
* Can you dress the kids for me? يساعد شخص علي ارتداء ملابسه
be dressed in مفعول + = be wearingيكون مرتدياً
* He was dressed in a black suit. = He was wearing a black suit.
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 Suggest: + v-ing يقترح
* He suggested sending Frank some flowers.
Suggest (that) +Sub+ inf.
1- He suggested that I prune the trees.يشذب
2- He suggested that she come early.
• لاحظ أنه يمكن استخدام should في الجمـله الأتيه:
* He suggested that she should come early.
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 stop
stop to + inf يتوقف لكي يفعل شيء
stop + v-ing. يتوقف عن عمل شيء
1- On his way to work, he stopped to buy a newspaper.
2- The doctor advised me to stop eating fatty food.
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 continuously – continually
بإستمرار (بدون توقف – بلا إنقطاع) continuously
* It has rained continuously for 2 days.
بإستمرار (يتخلله فترات توقف)continually
* You continually criticize her behaviour.
 لاحظ هذه التعبيرات مع tell
- tell the time يبين الوقت - tell the truth يقول الحقيقة
- tell a story يحكى قصة - tell the difference يبين الاختلاف
- tell a lie / lies يكذب
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• تستخدم الصيغة التالية للسؤال عن وصف شيء أو شخص:
 What + be + فاعل + like …? = describe
1- What was life like in the past?
2- What is Ali like?
3- What is the weather like today?
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 way of + V-ing طريقة لـ
 way to + inf. طريقة لـ
1- There are many ways of solving the problem.
2- That's not the way to do the job.
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•تستخدم fy / ify لتكوين الفعل من بعض الكلمات:

solid صلب solidify يحول لمادة صلبة pure نقي purify ينقي
beautyالجمال beautify يجمل terror رعب terrify يرعب
gas غاز gasify يحول لغاز liquid سائل liquefy يحول لسائل

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used to + inf. اعتاد على
 نستخدم مصدر used to + :
 للتعبير عن التناقض بين العادات فى الماضى و الحاضر.
1- He used to swim everyday. He doesn't do this now.
 للتعبير عن التناقض بين مواقف فى الماضى و الحاضر.
1- We used to live in a small flat in the city centre.
2- People used to travel by horse and cart, but now they travel by car.
3- The cities used to be smaller, but now they are much bigger.
4- I used to play the piano, but now I play the violin.
5- He used to smoke, but now he doesn't.
• وفي حالة النفى نستخدم: مصدر didn't use + :
* I didn’t use to play computer games, but now I do.
• وفي حالة السؤال نستخدم: مصدر to + + use فاعل did + :
1- Did you use to walk to school?
2- Where did you use to live?
• تستخدم هذه الصيغة للتعبير عن المضارع: am / is / are used to + -ing
* He is used to having a cup of coffee every morning.
= He usually has a cup of coffee every morning.
تستخدم no longer بدلا من used to ويأتي بعدها الفعل في زمن الضارع البسيط:
* He used to smoke. = He no longer smokes.
تستخدمany more / any longer بدلا من used to مع نفى الفعل في المضارع البسيط و تأتى في نهاية الجملة:
1- He used to smoke. = He doesn't smoke any more.
2- He used to live here. (no longer)
- He no longer lives here.
3- He used to live here. (any more)
- He doesn’t live here any more.
4- He usually goes to the club on foot. (used to)
- He is used to going to the club on foot.

* He didn’t like Chinese food when he was young, but he is used to it now.
لاحظ في الجملة السابقة أنه يمكن استخدام اسم أو ضمير بعد :be used to

•لاحظ أنbe used to تأتى بمعني " يستخدم لكي " ويليها inf.:
1- Water is used to generate electricity.
2- Wood is used to make paper.





• Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
1- Choose the correct answer:
1- This gold watch is so (valuable – cheap – inexpensive – worthless) and looks beautiful. It cost me a fortune.
2- (Manual – Easy – Casual – Gradual) work can be very tiring and it is not very well-paid.
3- I really (hate – astonish – dislike – admire) my grandfather. He has spent his whole life working to look after his family.
4- She is going to spend some of her (accounts – taxes - savings – cheques) on a new car.
5- (Savings- Coins – Currencies – Banknotes) are all the money you have not spent.
6- A/An ( bracelet – earring – watch - necklace) is a piece of jewellery worn around the neck.
7- (Usual – Habitual – Factual - Manual) work is done by people using their hands.
8- To (recount – act – detect – apply)) means to be a character in a film or play.
9- A (ball – call – fall – install) is a large formal occasion when people dance.
10- (Optical – Classical – Identical – Critical) means exactly the same.
11- He gave her some of his (savings – samples – saves – seeds) to buy a new dress.
12- This morning I received an invitation (to – for – in – with) a meeting at my college.
13- I'm going to borrow a dictionary (to - from –by – with) one of my friends.
14- Before he retired, my uncle worked (like – alike - as – is) a hospital doctor.
15- She was (wearing – dressing – acting – putting) a nice dress at the party.
16- This morning I received an invitation (to-for-in-at) a meeting at my college.
17- Her grandparents had to work hard (in-by-for-with) years before they could afford their own car.
18- The shirt I'm wearing is made (of-in-by-at) cotton.
19- His first novel sold 25,000 (hobbies-copies-duties-habits) in the first year.
20- He paid (for-back-at-with) all his debts.

تمارين موقع الوزارة على الكلمات والملحوظات اللغوية
1. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.
1. The two _____ fought against each other on land for many years in a terrible war.
a. navies b. armies c. soldiers d. teams
2. I think that I did very well in the maths examination, _____ for Question 4, which I did not know the answer for.
a. including b. except c. unless d. however
3. A _____ is a long, narrow boat which is used to ride down rivers. You can use it for fishing, or as part of an exciting sport.
a. debt b. manual c. canoe d. raft
4. Adel lost his job. He borrowed money from all his friends and soon he had many _____ which he could not pay back.
a. moneys b. finances c. savings d. debts
5. I would prefer to do _____ work, such as to be a gardener, a builder or a driver, than to sit in an office all day like a banker or lawyer.
a. manual b. physical c. hard d. hand
6. If you put twenty pounds away in a safe place every week, after some years you will have quite a lot of _____.
a. valuable b. savings c. earnings d. money
7. Our teacher was sick, so today we had a(n) _____ teacher.
a. second b. replaced c. replacement d. extra
8. My mother wants to give me and my brother a key to the house, so she will need to make two _____ of her key.
a. copies b. replacements c. extras d. additions

2 . Write a synonym for each word. Follow the example.
A synonym is a word which has the same or similar meaning.
Example: start - begin
1. identical - __________________________
2. ball - ______________________________
3. valuable - _____________________________
4. ashamed - _____________________________
5. exhausted - ____________________________
2. Complete the gaps with words from the box below.

ball diamond valuable admired afford borrowed savings replacement ashamed

Loisel’s wife Mathilde was very beautiful. However she was not happy at all with her life because Loisel did not earn enough money to _______________ all the things which she wanted. She wanted to go to the _______________ so much that her husband used his _______________ to buy her a new dress, and she _______________ a beautiful necklace from her rich friend. Mathilde had a wonderful evening and everyone _______________ her because of how beautiful she was and because of her beautiful dress and jewellery. However somehow she managed to lose the necklace, and she was too _______________ to tell her friend that she had lost it. If only Mathilde had been honest with her friend, she would have found out that the necklace was not as _______________ as she thought, and she would not have spent the next ten years working until she was exhausted and lost all her beauty!

4. Match the words with their definitions.

A B
1. To have a very good opinion of someone a. continuously
2. Not including a particular person, thing or fact b. clerk
3. Feeling pleased with your achievements, possessions, family, etc. because you think they are very good c. chain
4. Someone whose job is to keep the records or accounts in an office d. proud
5. A series of metal rings connected together in a line e. except
f. admire

5. Read this group of words. Place each into the right column, then complete the word families. Finally, write a sentence with each word.

traditional – replacement – valuable – copy – act
Noun Verb Adjective






• Exercise on grammar:
1- Choose the correct answer:
1. In those days, he (used to – uses to – is used to – doesn't use) enjoy fishing.
2. He (is used to - used to – is used for – is used for) go canoeing on the river on Sundays.
3. He (used to – no longer – doesn't use - is used to) spending all his free time writing.
4. Did he (used to – use to – is used to – was used to) do anything else as well as writing?
5. He (uses to – used to – no longer used – is used to) staying at home.
6. When he was five years old, my brother (use – uses – used – used to) watch all the children's TV programmes.
7. He (used to live – is used to living – used to living – uses to live) in Cairo. Now he lives in Alexandria.
8. My sister (is used to – was used for – used to – no longer uses) help me with my science homework when I was little.
9. She (used to work – is used to working – doesn't work – didn't work) here any more.
10. She (doesn't use – no longer – any longer – any more) takes drugs.
11. My sister likes going to bed early now. When she was little, she (is used – used to – no longer – was using) go to bed late.
12. He used to be a famous singer, but now he (isn't – doesn't – couldn't – shouldn't).
13. He is used to playing tennis every weekend, but years ago he (isn't – doesn't – didn't – shouldn't).
14. She no longer (wear – wears – wearing – wore) glasses, but she used to (do – doing – did – does) that when she was young.
15. She (didn't use to – has used to - isn’t used to – used to) living in a tropical climate.

تمارين موقع الوزارة على القواعد
1. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.
1. Many hundreds of years ago, people _____ for goods using salt instead of money.
a. had paid b. were paying c. used to pay d. paid
2. When I was younger I _____ swimming, but now I really love it!
a. didn’t used to enjoy b. didn’t use to enjoy
c. wasn’t enjoying d. hadn’t enjoyed
3. Did your mother _____ before she had children?
a. use to work b. used to work c. had worked d. would work
4. Ehab _____ all his homework before he went on holiday with his family.
a. used to finish b. use to finish c. was finishing d. finished
5. My brother _____ all his free time playing Playstation, but now he prefers to read books.
a. was spending b. did used to spend
c. used to spend d. spent
6. I _____ all my free time on Saturday tidying up my bedroom.
a. was spending b. use to spend c. used to spend d. spent
7. I _____ live in Egypt. When I was younger, my family lived in France.
a. didn’t always used to b. didn’t always use to
c. hadn’t always d. wasn’t always
8. _____ bite your nails when you were a child?
a. Did you used to b. Would you c. Had you d. Did you use to

2. Rewrite using the words in brackets to give the same meaning.
1. Amin drove a very old car. This summer he bought a new car. (used to)
______________________________________________________
2. When my sister got married she moved to Minya. Before that, she lived with us in Dokki. (used to)
_______________________________________________________
3. When I first met you, you didn’t wear glasses, but now you do. (didn’t use to)
______________________________________________________
4. What did you do during your holidays when you were a child? (did…use to)
_______________________________________________________
5. When I was a girl I wanted to be a nurse, but now I would like to be a lawyer. (used to)
_______________________________________________________

3. Find the mistakes and correct them.
I spoke to my grandmother about how life was when she was a girl. She told me that when she was growing up she use to live in a very small flat and to share a room with her three sisters. She used going to school every day until she was 14 years. My grandmother used to have a lot of friends but she didn’t used to have a lot of time to see them because she had to help her mother and sisters to work in the house whenever she had free time. My grandmother told me that her favourite thing was when she used going shopping with her mother in the local markets, and she remembers that one summer for a special occasion her mother used to buy her a beautiful new pink dress, which she used to wear every holiday for two years.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________



4. Match the phrases, then rewrite each sentence below.

A B
1. I went swimming a. every Sunday.
2. I used to go swimming b. wear glasses?
3. Did Heba use to c. have a lot of money.
4. She used to d. yesterday after I met with my cousin.
5. Didn’t he use e. to have some money?
f. wearing glasses?

1. _______________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________


5. Read the paragraph. Underline the correct words in parentheses.
When I finished school and got a job, my life completely changed. Before I (didn’t use to have any – used to have any – didn’t used to have any) money, and now I get a salary every month. When I was studying at school I (use - used – must) to do my homework every night, but now when I (used to finish – finish – finished) work I can go out and meet my friends. Unfortunately I now work much longer hours — when I was at school I used to finish much earlier. The best part is that now I (used to be - am – will be) independent and I am building my career. However one thing has not changed very much. When I was at school I (used to have to – used to have – used to) listen to my teacher, and now I have to listen