unit 10 الصف الثانى الثانوى

fertile
organic
pesticide
gene
ingredients
rot
starvation
fertilizer
modify
rotten
fat
organic farming
soil
quality
consumption
nuts
collect
method
notice
contain
insect
damage
do damage
crops
healthy food
global warming
nutrition
nourishment
meat
butter
pasta
vegetables
salt
high yield seeds
preservation
irrigation
dental decay
poison
decay
guarantee
potential
supply
addition
suppose
food shortage
cut down
ranch
country borders
digestion
swallow
breath
remove
dietician
diet خصب
عضوي
مبيد آفات
جين
مكونات
يتعفن
مجاعة / الموت جوعا
سماد
يعدل
متعفن
دهن
الزراعة العضوية
التربة
نوعية / جودة
الاستهلاك
الجوز
يجمع
طريقة
يلاحظ
يحتوي علي
حشرة
ضرر/تلف/يضر/يتلف
يسبب تلف
المحاصيل
طعام صحي
الاحتباس الحراري
التغذية
الغذاء
اللحم
الزبد
العجائن (كأنواع المكرونة)
الخضروات
الملح
بذور عالية الإنتاجية
حفظ
الري
تسوس الأسنان
سم
يتحلل / يتعفن
يضمن
احتمال تطور
يمد / يزود
إضافة
يفترض
نقص الغذاء
يقلل
مزرعة كبيرة
حدود الدول
الهضم
يبتلع
النفس
يزيل
أخصائي تغذية
نظام خاص للتغذية genetically modified
inorganic
spray
genetic engineering
ripen
seeds
agriculture
starve
modification
carbohydrate
protein
genetic structure
farm (v./n.)
improve
production
hunter
roots
later
wild plants
living things
laboratory
destroy
normal
modern science
attack
frequently
vitamins
nutritious
malnutrition
cheese
bread
fruit
disease resistant
market
high yield crops

cultivation
desertification
flavour
structure
cell
type=sort=kind
scientific experiments
additive
modernize
desert reclamation
concern
food poisoning
digest
indigestion
breathe
over time
stream
genetic modification معدل وراثيا
غير عضوي
يرش
الهندسة الوراثية
ينضج
بذور
الزراعة
يموت جوعا
تعديل
الكربوهيدرات
البروتين
التركيب الوراثي
يزرع / مزرعة
يحسن / يتحسن
الإنتاج
صياد
الجذور
فيما بعد
نباتات برية
الكائنات الحية
معمل
يدمر / يتلف
عادي
العلم الحديث
يهاجم / هجوم
غالبا
الفيتامينات
مغذي
سوء التغذية
الجبن
الخبز
الفاكهة
مقاوم للأمراض
السوق
محاصيل عالية الإنتاجية
الزراعة
التصحـر
نكهة
تركيب
خلية
نوع
التجارب العلمية
مادة مضافة
يُحدث / يجدد
استصلاح الصحراء
يخص / يهم
تسمم غذائي
يهضم
عسر الهضم
يتنفس
بمرور الوقت
مجري ماء / يتدفق
تعديل وراثي

• Prepositions:
poisonous for سام لـ harmful to ضار لـ
spray with يرش باستخدام (مادة معينة) express opinion on/about يعبر عن رأي في
be concerned to+inf. مهتم بـ be concerned with + n. مهتم بـ
smile at يبتسم لـ lie to يكذب علي
put genes into plants يضع جينات في النباتات bring down يقلل
come round يزور resistant to مقاوم لـ
life on earth الحياة علي الأرض lead to يؤدي إلي
experiment on/with يجري تجربة علي rich in غني بـ

• Derivatives:
verb noun adj. adv.
rot يتعفن rotting تعفن rotten متعفن
modify يعدل modification تعديل modified معدل
gene جين
genetics علم الوراثة genetic وراثي genetically وراثيا
starve يموت جوعا starvation الموت جوعا starving
جائع - جوعان
fertilize يسمد fertilizer سماد fertilized
مضاف له سماد
• Important Vocabulary for translation and composition:
swine flu (H1N1)
epidemic
digestive system
circulatory system
skeleton
sample
gland أنفلونزا الخنازير
وباء
الجهاز الهضمي
الجهاز الدوري
هيكل عظمي
عينة
غدة vaccine
the backbone
respiratory system
nervous system
intensive care
complications
fever مصل
العمود الفقري
الجهاز التنفسي
الجهاز العصبي
العناية المركزة
مضاعفات / تعقيدات
الحمي





 ingredient – compounds – elements – mixture – components:
ingredient: مقادير ـ مقومات ( شئ )
1- Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries.
2- She has got the essential ingredients for success.
compounds: مركب ( كيميائى )
* Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.
elements: عنصر ـ مقدار قليل
1- Customer relations is an important element in the job.
2- Oxygen and carbon are elements.
mixture: مزيج ـ خليط ( بدون تفاعل كيمائى )
1- Add the eggs to the mixture and beat well.
2- The city is a mixture of old and new buildings.
components: مكون ـ جزء أساسى
* The engine is one of the essential components of the car.
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 once:
once: في وقت ما في الماضي ـ ذات مرة
* Once, people were hunters. Their food came from animals.
once: بمجرد أن
* Once I get the news, I'll phone you.
once: مرة واحدة
* She visits her grandparents once every six months.
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 hope – wish:
hope: (يتمنى) يأتي بعدها إما مضارع بسيط أو مستقبل
* I hope he passes / will pass the test.
ويأتي بعدها ) المصدر + to )hope:
* I hope to win the first prize.
wish: يأتى بعدها ماضي بسيط للتعبير عن التمني في الحاضر
* I don't have a camera. I wish I had a camera.
يأتي بعدها ماضي تام للتعبير عن التمني في الماضى :wish
* I failed the exam. I wish I hadn't failed the exam. I wish I had passed the exam.
للتعبير عن التمني في المستقبل يأتي بعدها could ) ) مع الضمائر ( I / we ) أو wish: ( would )
* I wish I could see my friends tomorrow.
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 The Earth - the ground - the floor - the soil:
The Earth الكـرة الأرضيـة ـ تراب
1- The Earth is round.
2- He covered the roots of the plant with earth.
the ground أرض الفنـاء
* The ground of our school is clean.
the floor أرضيـة حجـرة
* She always sweeps the floor.
the soil تربـة زراعيـة
* Plants get water from the soil.
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 limit – border – edge
limit حد
* You mustn't exceed the speed limit. It is against the law.
border حد بين دولتين
* There is no problem between Egypt and The Sudan on borders.
edge حافة الشيء
* He put the cup at the edge of the table.
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 like - look like – alike – unlike
like مثل
* She is not like her sister. = She is different from her sister.
like يحب
* She doesn't like her sister. = She hates her sister.
look like يشبه
* He looks like his brother.
تستخدم بعد الأشياء أو الأشخاص الذين نتحدث عنهم ويسبقها(v. to. be) alike = like each other
* He and his brother are alike.
unlike مختلف عن ـ علي العكس من
* Unlike his brother, he is very tall.
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 pesticide – herbiside - insecticide
pesticide مبيد آفات
* I encourage vegetables grown without using pesticides.
herbiside مبيد أعشاب
* The use of herbicides in Egypt was effective.
insecticide مبيد حشرى
* The use of insecticide at homes should be rationalized.
 rot – decompose - decay
rot يتعفن ـ يفسد
* Scientists could modify the gene of tomatoes so that they don't rot so quickly.
decompose يتحلل ( إلى عناصره الرئيسية ) ـ ينحل
* As the waste materials decompose, they produce methane gas.
decay يتحلل ( تدريجيا بعوامل طبيعية ) ـ يضعف
* Children's teeth decay quickly because of sugar.
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 taste – tasty - tasteful
taste (v) يتذوق
* Taste this and see if it's too salty.
taste (n) ذوق ـ طعم ـ مَذاق
* That cake has a nice taste.
tasty (adj) لذيذ المَذاق ( مع الأكل والشرب )
* They serve very tasty dishes here.
tasteful (adj) حَسَنُ الذَّوْق
* They bought tasteful furniture.
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• Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:
1- Choose the correct answer:
1. When fruit or other food …………………..it is too bad to eat.
( dots – shots – knots – rots )
2. Scientists can ……………….crops by adding or removing certain genes.
( qualify - modify – clarify – identify )
3. People who do not have enough food to eat may die of ………………….
( starvation – sanitation – determination – nutrition )
4. If you want to grow vegetables, you have to put ………………….. in the ground.
( deeds – needs - seeds – reeds )
5. Farmers earn their money from …………………………
( agriculture – culture – feature – literature )
6. Look at the planes. They are ……………. The fields from the air.
( praying – playing – spraying – staying )

7. Rice is the main ………………….. of tonight's dish.
( grade – element – substance – ingredient )
8. Some people believe that ………….. fruit and vegetables are better for you than ones
grown with chemical fertilizers.
( volcanic – organic – electronic – titanic )
9. Some people are worried that genetically- ………… crops will bring diseases.
( applied – classified – dried – modified )
10. Farmers use chemical ……………….. to kill insects which attack their crops.
( hormones – antiseptics – antibiotics – pesticides )
11. My brother wants to study …………….. at university.
( gene – genetic – genetics – geneticists )
12. ……………………fruit usually tastes sweet.
( Ripened – Rotten – Raw – Medium )
13. This tomato is……………………. I can't eat it.
( ridden – risen – rotten – molten )
14. Scientists have made genetic …………………… to some vegetables.
( qualifications – modifications – classifications – clarifications )
15. Many people were very hungry after the storm. Some even began to ………….
( swerve – serve – starve – observe ).
16. …………………..his brother, he's very arrogant.
( Unlike – Alike – Dislike – Look like )
17. He passed the test and …………………. Did his brother.
( so – either – neither – nor )
18. I wish the weather ……………………. Better yesterday.
( was – were – is – had been )
19. I'm …………………….. sorry for not coming on time.
( incredibly – unbelievably – fantastically – awfully )
20. ……………………….. I've found somewhere to live I'll send you my address.
( Once – One – Ones – Twice )


• Exercise on grammar:
1- Choose the correct answer:
1- We haven’t seen that movie, ………………………………..?
( have we - haven’t we - don’t we - didn’t we )
2- He can’t remember her phone number, ……………………. he ?
( can’t - won’t - couldn’t – can )
3- The boy came late to class, ………………………. He ?
( wasn't - didn't - isn't - doesn't )
4- I don't think he will do it, ………………………….. he ?
( won't – will – do - don't )
5- He'd hardly do it without permission, ……………………. he ?
( would - wouldn't – had - hadn't )
6- Let's go to the club, …………………………..?
( will we - shall we - can we - shan't we )
7- You don't like fish, ……………………………..?
( do you - don't you - did you - are you )
8- You've never tried growing fruit or vegetables, ……………….……?
( haven't you - do you - did you - have you )
9- Growing vegetables is quite easy, ………………………..?
( is it - isn't it - does it - doesn't it )
10- We rarely visit Japan, ……………………………..?
( don't we - do we - didn't we - did we )
11- No one believes such a liar, ………………………?
( doesn't he - don't they - does he - do they )
12- You need to change your attitude towards games, ……… ?
( needn't you – don't you – need you – do you )
13- I'm very late for work , …………. ?
( aren't I – amn't I – don't I – am I )
14- Few people attended the conference , …….. ?
( did they – didn't they – hadn't they – wouldn't they )
15- He has a beautiful house , ……. ?
( hasn't he – has he – doesn't he – does he )